Specific BIVA recognizes variation of body mass and body composition: Two related but different facets of nutritional status

Objective The aim of this study was to demonstrate the different information provided by body mass index (BMI) in combination with specific bioelectrical impedance vector analysis (specific BIVA) in the measure of relative body fat. Methods Anthropometric and bioelectrical values and dual-energy x-ray absorpitometry measurements from a sample of 1590 US adults of both sexes were retrieved from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2003–2004. The sample distribution of the BMI of each sex was divided into deciles. Quartiles were calculated for percent fat mass (FM%) after stratifying by BMI deciles. Body composition and bioelectrical characteristics of groups below the first and above the third quartile were compared using analysis of variance and the Hotelling's T-square test. Results BMI and specific BIVA showed a different accuracy in detecting body composition variations: BMI showed similar values in groups represented by different FM percentages, whereas the bioelectrical differences were statistically significant. The mean impedance vectors corresponding to cases below the first FM% quartiles were shorter and located on the left side of the ellipses (the region of higher fat-free mass), whereas those above the third FM% quartiles were on the right and toward the upper pole (the region of higher FM%). Conclusions Specific BIVA is a technique for the evaluation of body composition which can add relevant information regarding BMI.