Prévisibilité et prédictibilité des collocations: aspects théoriques et implications pragmatiques

The starting point of our article is to consider collocation, as Firth insists, as a phenomenon of co-occurrence that is essentially the linguistic competence of native speakers. Any speaker should have a high level of proficiency in his / her own language. Its purpose is, in an act of verbal communication, to succeed in understanding and producing at the same time. Knowledge and use of words, collocations, phrases and other language elements serve to guarantee the success of any communication. With a view to learning 197 CILPR 2013 - SECTION 5  Language, the situation is different. The skills of a non-native speaker in the foreign language will be lower than those of a native speaker. On the front of the collocation phenomenon, the non-native speaker would need to distinguish between collocations easily recognizable for the decoding process and those easily reusable in the encoding process. This distinction should take place both in terms of expression and content, since the two elements in a collocational phenomenon may not coincide (especially with a view to a contrastive analysis of languages). The metacognitive process, developed by a learner of a foreign language, must be based on two other important processes that precede it: an observation process and a cognition process. All three stages allow us to formulate a declaration of collocational competence, understood as "a sufficiently significant and meaningful number of mental lexicon" (Lewis, 2000, 177), allowing the language to be appropriately used Share of any speaker. Starting from a notion of restricted lexical collocation proposed by Hausmann (1989) and taking into account the studies of Heid (1994); Mel'čuk (2003); Tutin and Grossmann (2003); Corpas Pastor (2001); Siller-Runggaldier (2006); And Konecny ​​(2010), we propose a collocation division model based on the criterion of predictability and predictability and their different degrees on the basis of the semantic transparency or opacity of the elements. Our analysis will focus only on an example of collocation of the type name + adjective in French and Italian.