It is commonplace that Sardinian is a conservative language and that some varieties of the Sardinian language are more conservative than others. However, too wanting to proceed beyond terms, often fluid if not ambiguous, such as 'conservative' and 'innovative', Sardinian, while certainly maintaining various traits of conservativeness, it also shows data of innovativeness and originality. But it is above all the diachronic relationship between the different Sardinian varieties that should now be seen below a different light. It has been said, even until recently, that they are more conservative would be the central-northern varieties, which would represent the Sardinian 'Genuine', while the southern varieties (the Campidanese diasystem) would be less conservative and largely affected by superstrate influences (from Italian mostly). However, not everything that is or appears conservative is ipso facto phenomenon 'Older', but may have established itself and spread on a later date; on the other hand innovation, or at least what appears to be such, can have its root or underlying previous facts: it can be, that is, a recent result of multiple phenomena ancient. What I intend to propose in this article stems from the belief that evolution diachronic of languages, as well as sociolinguistics for some time now teaches, it is the result of a dynamic and non-linear process of this Sardinian areal bipartition would be historically, for a good part of Middle Ages, a sort of super-standard valid for the whole island, albeit differently declined in the different areas, with greater or lesser tolerance, in them, of the intrinsic variation in each language; below and beyond this (super) standard then, of course, there were current speeches. Such a different degree of tolerance has today's diatopic variation in the linguistic diasystem is largely determined Sardinian.
È un luogo comune che il sardo sia una lingua conservativa e che alcune varietà della lingua sarda siano più conservative rispetto ad altre. Tuttavia, anche volendo procedere oltre termini, spesso fluidi se non ambigui, quali ‘conservativo’ e ‘innovativo’, il sardo, pur mantenendo certamente diversi tratti di conservatività, mostra pure dati di innovatività e di originalità. Ma è soprattutto il rapporto diacronico fra le diverse varietà sarde che ormai andrebbe visto sotto una luce diversa. Si è detto, anche fino a tempi recenti, che più conservative sarebbero le varietà centro-settentrionali, le quali rappresenterebbero il sardo ‘genuino’, mentre le varietà meridionali (il diasistema campidanese) sarebbero meno conservative e largamente toccate da influssi di superstrato (dall’italiano soprattutto). Non tutto ciò che è o appare conservativo è però ipso facto fenomeno ‘più antico’, ma può essersi affermato e diffuso in data seriore; d’altra parte l’innovazione, o almeno ciò che appare tale, può avere alla radice o sottostantemente fatti anteriori: può essere, cioè, un risultato recente di fenomeni più antichi. Quanto intendo proporre in questo articolo nasce dalla convinzione che l’evoluzione diacronica delle lingue, come anche la sociolinguistica ormai da tempo ci insegna, è il frutto di un processo dinamico e non lineare. A mio avviso, al di sopra di questa bipartizione areale sarda starebbe storicamente, per buona parte del medioevo, una sorta di super-standard valido per tutta l’Isola, pur diversamente declinato nelle diverse aree, con maggiore o minore tolleranza, in esse, della variazione intrinseca ad ogni lingua; al di sotto e al di là di questo (super)standard vi erano poi, naturalmente, le parlate correnti. Tale diverso grado di tolleranza ha largamente determinato la variazione diatopica odierna nel diasistema linguistico sardo.
Problemi di diatopia e di diacronia della lingua sarda. Un'ipotesi di sociolinguistica storica
Maurizio Virdis
2020-01-01
Abstract
It is commonplace that Sardinian is a conservative language and that some varieties of the Sardinian language are more conservative than others. However, too wanting to proceed beyond terms, often fluid if not ambiguous, such as 'conservative' and 'innovative', Sardinian, while certainly maintaining various traits of conservativeness, it also shows data of innovativeness and originality. But it is above all the diachronic relationship between the different Sardinian varieties that should now be seen below a different light. It has been said, even until recently, that they are more conservative would be the central-northern varieties, which would represent the Sardinian 'Genuine', while the southern varieties (the Campidanese diasystem) would be less conservative and largely affected by superstrate influences (from Italian mostly). However, not everything that is or appears conservative is ipso facto phenomenon 'Older', but may have established itself and spread on a later date; on the other hand innovation, or at least what appears to be such, can have its root or underlying previous facts: it can be, that is, a recent result of multiple phenomena ancient. What I intend to propose in this article stems from the belief that evolution diachronic of languages, as well as sociolinguistics for some time now teaches, it is the result of a dynamic and non-linear process of this Sardinian areal bipartition would be historically, for a good part of Middle Ages, a sort of super-standard valid for the whole island, albeit differently declined in the different areas, with greater or lesser tolerance, in them, of the intrinsic variation in each language; below and beyond this (super) standard then, of course, there were current speeches. Such a different degree of tolerance has today's diatopic variation in the linguistic diasystem is largely determined Sardinian.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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