Starting from the eleventh century, the Giudicati of Torres, Gallura, Cagliari and Arborea have now acquired full autonomy from the previous Byzantine domination and assumed the appearance of state entities that exercise power through the issuance of documents by the 'chancelleries' . But we must not think of complex structures similar to those active in the same period in the service of kings / emperors or popes; the Judge chancelleries are extremely simple offices in which, if necessary, the sovereign's trusted men alternate, generally clerics, the only medieval literates and main repositories of knowledge and written culture, who draw up documents in the vernacular or in Latin mixed with vulgar Sardinian. In the twelfth century, continental notaries appeared on the Sardinian Judge chancelleries, to whom the judges rely, even if not exclusively, for the management of relations with foreign institutions. Notaries are sometimes inspired by the schemes of the private document (short, instrumentum), at other times they create hybrid and variegated compositions, which cannot be inserted in rigidly pre-established grids, which are placed halfway between the private document and the public one, but in all in cases the credibility of the act is entrusted to the leaden seal of the Sardinian judge.
A partire dall’XI secolo i regni giudicali di Torres, Gallura, Cagliari e Arborea hanno ormai acquisito piena autonomia rispetto alla precedente dominazione bizantina e assunto la fisionomia di entità statali che esercitano il potere attraverso l’emanazione di documenti da parte delle ‘cancellerie’. Ma non dobbiamo pensare a strutture complesse simili a quelle attive nello stesso periodo al servizio di re/imperatori o dei pontefici; le scrivanie giudicali sono uffici estremamente semplici nei quali, all’occorrenza, si alternano uomini di fiducia del sovrano, in genere chierici, unici litterati medievali e principali depositari del sapere e della cultura scritta, i quali redigono documenti in volgare oppure in latino frammisto al volgare sardo. Nel XII secolo fanno la loro comparsa nelle scrivanie giudicali sarde i notai continentali, ai quali i giudici si appoggiano, anche se non in modo esclusivo, per la gestione dei rapporti con le istituzioni straniere. I notai si ispirano a volte agli schemi propri del documento privato (breve, instrumentum), altre volte creano composizioni ibride e variegate, non inseribili in griglie rigidamente prestabilite, che si collocano a metà strada tra il documento privato e quello pubblico, ma in tutti i casi la credibilità dell’atto è affidata al sigillo plumbeo del giudice sardo.
Notai e documentazione nella Sardegna dei giudici (secc. XII-XIII)
Fadda, Bianca
2022-01-01
Abstract
Starting from the eleventh century, the Giudicati of Torres, Gallura, Cagliari and Arborea have now acquired full autonomy from the previous Byzantine domination and assumed the appearance of state entities that exercise power through the issuance of documents by the 'chancelleries' . But we must not think of complex structures similar to those active in the same period in the service of kings / emperors or popes; the Judge chancelleries are extremely simple offices in which, if necessary, the sovereign's trusted men alternate, generally clerics, the only medieval literates and main repositories of knowledge and written culture, who draw up documents in the vernacular or in Latin mixed with vulgar Sardinian. In the twelfth century, continental notaries appeared on the Sardinian Judge chancelleries, to whom the judges rely, even if not exclusively, for the management of relations with foreign institutions. Notaries are sometimes inspired by the schemes of the private document (short, instrumentum), at other times they create hybrid and variegated compositions, which cannot be inserted in rigidly pre-established grids, which are placed halfway between the private document and the public one, but in all in cases the credibility of the act is entrusted to the leaden seal of the Sardinian judge.I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.