On the island of Sardinia, in the western Mediterranean, the megalithic phenomenon has been documented at least since the Middle Neolithic Age (5th millennium BC), reaching its peak during the Late Neolithic and the Copper Age (first centuries of the 4th to the end of the 3rd millennium BC) and further developing until the Bronze Age. Indeed, Sardinia excels in terms of displaying quite a lot of megalithic monuments: at present, we know of about 750 menhirs, 100 statue-menhirs, twenty megalithic circles and at least 255 dolmenic burials. The dolmenic tombs are particularly interesting: even though the size of the Sardinian dolmens is generally not so great, they are highly visible in the landscape. While across the European continent many dolmens are still covered by a mound of earth and stones, in Sardinia only a few dolmens have traces of a clear structure of the tumulus. It is not known with certainty whether the Sardinian dolmens were deprived of such protection – in contrast to similar monuments in other countries – or whether this is due to the action of nature as well as the destructive work of man, besides the fact that other dolmenic buildings with a mound may still be hidden under the earth. However, there is indirect evidence of the presence of a mound in many Sardinian dolmens: the presence around such dolmens of a “peristalith” – a stone ring that surrounded the dolmenic structure at a, intended to consolidate the periphery of a possible mound. However, a symbolic-sacral value was also proposed for them, as they may have had the function to delimit – as an element of enclosure – the grave and then separate the sacred world of the dead from the word of the living. In this case, the peristalith should be considered as an “element of worship”.
Nell'isola di Sardegna, nel Mediterraneo occidentale, il fenomeno megalitico è stato documentato almeno a partire dal Neolitico medio (V millennio a.C.), raggiungendo il suo apice durante il Neolitico recente e l'età del rame (primi secoli del IV alla fine del III millennio a.C.) e sviluppandosi ulteriormente fino all'età del bronzo. In effetti, la Sardegna eccelle in termini di presenza di numerosi monumenti megalitici: al momento, conosciamo circa 750 menhir, 100 statue-menhir, venti circoli megalitici e almeno 255 sepolture dolmeniche. Le tombe dolmeniche sono particolarmente interessanti: anche se le dimensioni dei dolmen sardi non sono generalmente così grandi, sono altamente visibili nel paesaggio. Mentre in tutto il continente europeo molti dolmen sono ancora coperti da un cumulo di terra e pietre, in Sardegna solo pochi dolmen presentano tracce di una chiara struttura del tumulo. Non si sa con certezza se i dolmen sardi siano stati privati di tale protezione – a differenza di monumenti simili in altri Paesi – o se ciò sia dovuto all’azione della natura oltre che all’opera distruttiva dell’uomo, oltre al fatto che altri edifici dolmenici con tumulo potrebbero essere ancora nascosti sottoterra. Tuttavia, esiste una prova indiretta della presenza di un tumulo in molti dolmen sardi: la presenza attorno a tali dolmen di un “peristalite” – un anello di pietre che circondava la struttura dolmenica in corrispondenza di un’area, destinato a consolidare la periferia di un possibile tumulo. Tuttavia, è stato anche proposto per loro un valore simbolico-sacrale, in quanto potrebbero aver avuto la funzione di delimitare – come elemento di recinzione – la tomba e quindi separare il mondo sacro dei defunti dal mondo dei vivi. In questo caso, il peristalite dovrebbe essere considerato come un “elemento di culto”.
Tumuli and Peristaliths in Prehistoric Sardinia (Italy)
Riccardo Cicilloni
Primo
2024-01-01
Abstract
On the island of Sardinia, in the western Mediterranean, the megalithic phenomenon has been documented at least since the Middle Neolithic Age (5th millennium BC), reaching its peak during the Late Neolithic and the Copper Age (first centuries of the 4th to the end of the 3rd millennium BC) and further developing until the Bronze Age. Indeed, Sardinia excels in terms of displaying quite a lot of megalithic monuments: at present, we know of about 750 menhirs, 100 statue-menhirs, twenty megalithic circles and at least 255 dolmenic burials. The dolmenic tombs are particularly interesting: even though the size of the Sardinian dolmens is generally not so great, they are highly visible in the landscape. While across the European continent many dolmens are still covered by a mound of earth and stones, in Sardinia only a few dolmens have traces of a clear structure of the tumulus. It is not known with certainty whether the Sardinian dolmens were deprived of such protection – in contrast to similar monuments in other countries – or whether this is due to the action of nature as well as the destructive work of man, besides the fact that other dolmenic buildings with a mound may still be hidden under the earth. However, there is indirect evidence of the presence of a mound in many Sardinian dolmens: the presence around such dolmens of a “peristalith” – a stone ring that surrounded the dolmenic structure at a, intended to consolidate the periphery of a possible mound. However, a symbolic-sacral value was also proposed for them, as they may have had the function to delimit – as an element of enclosure – the grave and then separate the sacred world of the dead from the word of the living. In this case, the peristalith should be considered as an “element of worship”.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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