In Sardinia, due to a prolonged and extensive mining activity that lasted until the dawn of the new millennium, the study of the cultural palimpsests of mining contexts, both industrial and pre-industrial, through archaeological methods has experienced significant delays compared to other Italian and European mining regions. Although references to "mining archaeology" have not been absent in the public debate even after the cessation of mining activities, this field of study has long remained anchored to its contemporary industrial dimension and dominated by professions focused on social analysis, environmental restoration, conservation, territorial planning, and contemporary art. These fields were perceived as better suited than archaeology itself to interpret the "urgent need for recovery" of the foundational values of industrial mining communities, which were threatened by the profound social transformations triggered by deindustrialization in the last quarter of the 20th century. Moving beyond a somewhat misguided idea of "industrial archaeology," which tends to represent capitalist societies almost exclusively through their monumental traces and large-scale production processes, new approaches are emerging today. These approaches, inspired by virtuous experiences in some mining villages of the Sulcis Iglesiente and by an archaeology more attentive to the involvement of local communities in the care of tangible and intangible cultural heritage, are shaping an agenda for interventions in similar cases. This agenda aims to impact both research (documenting more fragile aspects, but rich in history, related to rural foundational settlements, human-environment relationships, social structures, mining healthscapes, etc.) and education (promoting heritage pedagogy as a way to access the cognitive components of archaeology, serving as a tool for decoding anthropized environments and revealing solutions to current needs already produced by previous generations in these territories).
In Sardegna, anche in ragione di una poderosa e prolungata attività estrattiva protrattasi fino alle soglie del nuovo millennio, lo studio attraverso metodi archeologici dei palinsesti culturali dei contesti minerari, sia industriali che preindustriali, ha subito un ritardo significativo rispetto ad altre regioni minerarie italiane ed europee. Nonostante anche dopo la cessazione delle attività estrattive non siano mancati nel dibattito pubblico riferimenti alle manifestazioni di “archeologia mineraria”, questo ambito di studio per molto tempo è rimasto ancorato alla sua dimensione industriale contemporanea e appannaggio di professionalità orientate all’analisi sociale, il ripristino ambientale, il restauro conservativo, la pianificazione territoriale, l’arte contemporanea, ambiti percepiti più adatti dell’archeologia propriamente detta ad interpretare l’“urgenza di recupero” dei valori fondativi delle comunità minerarie industriali, minacciati dalle poderose trasformazioni sociali innescati dalla deindustrializzazione dell’ultimo quarto del Novecento. Andando oltre una certa malintesa idea di “archeologia industriale”, che tende a rappresentare le società capitalistiche quasi esclusivamente attraverso le sue tracce monumentali e i grandi processi di produzione, ecco che oggi, a partire da alcune esperienze virtuose che hanno sede in alcuni villaggi minerari del Sulcis Iglesiente e per mezzo di un’archeologia più attenta al coinvolgimento delle comunità locali nella cura del patrimonio culturale materiale e immateriale, prendono forma alcune indicazioni per una agenda di interventi da attuare in altri casi simili, che si propongono di incidere tanto sulla ricerca (documentando aspetti più fragili, ma tutt’altro che privi di storia, legati agli abitati di fondazione rurali, ai rapporti tra uomo ed ambiente, alle strutture sociali, all’healthscape minerario, etc.), quanto sull’educazione (promuovendo una pedagogia del patrimonio intesa come possibilità di accesso alle componenti cognitive della disciplina archeologica, come strumento di decodifica degli ambienti antropizzati in grado di far emergere risposte a necessità attuali già prodotte negli stessi territori dalle generazioni precedenti).
Archeologia contemporanea nei contesti minerari della Sardegna. Ruoli e prospettive dell'intervento archeologico con le comunità, a partire dal caso del Sulcis-Iglesiente
Fabio Calogero Pinna;Mattia Sanna Montanelli
;Francesco Mameli
2024-01-01
Abstract
In Sardinia, due to a prolonged and extensive mining activity that lasted until the dawn of the new millennium, the study of the cultural palimpsests of mining contexts, both industrial and pre-industrial, through archaeological methods has experienced significant delays compared to other Italian and European mining regions. Although references to "mining archaeology" have not been absent in the public debate even after the cessation of mining activities, this field of study has long remained anchored to its contemporary industrial dimension and dominated by professions focused on social analysis, environmental restoration, conservation, territorial planning, and contemporary art. These fields were perceived as better suited than archaeology itself to interpret the "urgent need for recovery" of the foundational values of industrial mining communities, which were threatened by the profound social transformations triggered by deindustrialization in the last quarter of the 20th century. Moving beyond a somewhat misguided idea of "industrial archaeology," which tends to represent capitalist societies almost exclusively through their monumental traces and large-scale production processes, new approaches are emerging today. These approaches, inspired by virtuous experiences in some mining villages of the Sulcis Iglesiente and by an archaeology more attentive to the involvement of local communities in the care of tangible and intangible cultural heritage, are shaping an agenda for interventions in similar cases. This agenda aims to impact both research (documenting more fragile aspects, but rich in history, related to rural foundational settlements, human-environment relationships, social structures, mining healthscapes, etc.) and education (promoting heritage pedagogy as a way to access the cognitive components of archaeology, serving as a tool for decoding anthropized environments and revealing solutions to current needs already produced by previous generations in these territories).I documenti in IRIS sono protetti da copyright e tutti i diritti sono riservati, salvo diversa indicazione.