Studenti e dissenso nel trentennio di Mubarak (1981-2011). La componente islamica dentro le università.

The paper discusses the theme of youth and student dissent in the thirty years of the Presidency of Hosni Mubarak in Egypt, with a particular focus on the Islamic movements near to the Brotherhood. In particular, a special focus in dedicated to the associations like jam‘iyyât islâmiyya that, at the end of the seventies, President Sadat particularly facilitated in carrying out their propaganda in universities, in order to divide the opposition of the students and hinder the development of secular, progressive and nasserians groups. The thirty years of Mubarak were characterized by fluctuating and ambiguous policy towards the Muslim Brotherhood and, indirectly, in respect of their youth associations, which yet maintained a great cohesion and had a very wide spread, despite the heavy repression against their components. The objective of the first part of the essay is to describe the ways and means of their ascent, the successes, the relationship with other associations. In the second part, dedicated to the last years of Mubarak presidency, we will attempt to provide a useful framework to understand how this long history of political militancy of the Islamic student movement has been helpful - before, during and after the spring of Tahrir Square - ratifying the victory of the Muslim Brotherhood in the recent presidential and parliamentary elections in Egypt. Finally, it is necessary to stress the fact that the role played by young Muslim Brotherhood in the revolution that has decreed the fall of Mubarak has led to a split within the Brotherhood between the old and new generations, with new perspectives for the evolution of the movement so far absollutely subject to the directives of its Supreme Leader. I