Definition of Smart Distribution Networks

The chapter introduces the general concept of Smart Grid with possible different implementations (e.g., Active Distribution Network, Microgrids, Nanogrids and Virtual Power Plants), and the motivations that lead to this power systems evolution. A discussion on the transition from the the traditional distribution architecture towards the innovative Smart Grid is also included, paying attention on the challenges in front of distribution planners and decision makers at any level of the chain value. Emphasis is given to the enabling technologies required for the Smart Grid implementation. Indeed, advanced metering, IEDs, and communication infrastructures assure the observability of the electric distribution system, essential prerequisite for any efficient controllability. Energy storage systems are also crucial together with the other DERs to guarantee the sufficient level of flexibility for making the control also effective.