Metodi e strumenti dell'analisi ambientale nelle nuove forme di piano

Environmental planning, oriented towards recognising “natural, historic and cultural values” throughout the territory, tests innovative techniques and methods based on the convergence of expert and local knowledge which creates an overall context used to evaluate the compatibility of the transformation carried out. To this, criteria is applied which is long-term in the sustainable use of resources and effective in the developmental planning of the territory. The environmental approach to planning is therefore able to interface scientific, technical and other knowledge, facilitating an ethical decision making process in order to reach an agreement. The conflict between the fragmentation of expert knowledge, unequivocal position of the environment and the plurality of the developmental proposals for use or transformation of the territory, requires reflection and a concise vision based on recognising local values. Experience of park planning and historic cultural resources has helped in developing this theme, above all in the light of innovations introduced by law 394/1991 which have required a critical re-evaluation of the “planning view” regarding environmental problems. In particular, the nature of substitution which the law has impressed on park planning as opposed to other types of planning (urban, territorial, environmental, and landscape planning) seems to imply the need to create, for every protected area, an instrument to manage the territory. As far as possible this should be able, on the one hand to systematise an interdisciplinary summary of knowledge and on the other to coherently effect the multiple norms afferent to the various disciplinary and environmental components. The experience of park planning repeatedly highlighted the need to codify new paradigms o recognition, interpretation of values and consequent issues in the use of the environment. The inadequacy of traditional methodological apparatus – urban planning instruments, manifests itself, in these cases, in the problem of using the zoning paradigm to assess the complexity of environmental phenomenon. Problems present themselves following the environmental system networks in order to pinpoint boundaries of areas where action needs to be taken to conserve and protect the landscape, acts to guarantee the variety and abundance of fauna and flora present and at the same time to guaranteeing economical development. In the case of historic centres, by recognising characteristics, places, architecture and identifying signs in social and productive spaces incentives should be provided for coherent policies of urban protection and redevelopment which encourage transformation and use, compatible with the conservation of present historical and cultural values. Based on these considerations, the thesis tests an innovative approach which uses an informative geographic system with an interdisciplinary analytical basis. This reveals the systemic interaction between the natural components and signs of man in the construction of environments and highlights how to conserve them. For this purpose a SIT was carried out in order to highlight environmental, historical and cultural sensitivity and anthropological activity allowing the construction and sharing of contextual knowledge in order to plan and monitor the interventions considered admissible in sensitive areas of the territory.