Il Libano politico tra partiti, famiglie e religione nella situazione contemporanea

This thesis covers a survey about the political life in my home country Lebanon where I have approached the different political parties and the political families that were involved in the social and political life dating back to the Lebanese independence, in addition to the tight relation between politics and religions, which constitutes the pillars of our political regime. Before getting core of my thesis, I highlighte and the scientific approach among which I tackled the history of the political parties and families My thesis is divided into 3 chapters: Chapter 1: In the first section, I defined the concept of a party and its creation in the western side of the globe and the Arabic East in addition to the ideological transfer from West to East. I tackled as well the adaptation of the East to this eastern understanding of political parties within its environment and society. The second section tackles the creation of the civil society in the West and its adoption in the eastern region especially in Lebanon, which allows the development of the social life by authorizing the creation of political parties and communities. I discussed as well the creation of the political parties in the West and its impact on the East and the role of freedom and democracy in allowing the creation of civil and non-political communities. Regarding Chapter 2, I tackled the history of the communities and the political parties in Lebanon stressing on those who had high impact on the national and regional political situation dating back to World War I and passing through the French mandate period and the Lebanese independence until the civil war. I have shown the situation of the Lebanese parties and their division nowadays into 2 blocs inside the community, each founding its principles based on the 18 religions recognized in Lebanon. In this Chapter, there is a clear picture about the tight relation between religion and politics, the latter based on religion instead of citizenship and civil secularism. In the last Chapter, I approached the concept of the Lebanese political families involved in politics and public affairs acquiring official positions in the government but on the other hand offering social, cultural and educational services to their communities. In my country, those services are called clientele services where the family offers its help to the citizens in exchange of their vote during the elections. In this regard, I have mentioned 3 standards political families, their foundation and most important personalities in addition to their roles in politics. I have also tackled the role of the Lebanese political families in the political life and their contribution in reaching our independence in addition to their perseverance in protection our liberty until nowadays despite the hard phases my country have gone through. In the second section from this chapter, I have landed into the history of the foundation of the Lebanese Parliament and its principles, the electoral voting operation of its members upon religious law instead of civil and the development of the electoral law that have differed from a round to another. At the end of the chapter, I have focused on the political families that have founded political parties in order to organize their political activities attracting supporters that follow the same ideas and political ideology. I have also focused on the historical and current role of these parties on the Lebanese scene and their impact on the Lebanese community who majorly belong to the families of those parties. In the conclusion of my thesis, I have recapitulated the 3 chapters with my personal opinion to constitute a Lebanese state based on secularism instead of religion despite the diversified religions inside the Lebanese society.