Educazione indigena in Perù. Il concetto di interculturalità e la sua applicazione nell’elaborazione del materiale didattico

The objective of this thesis is to analyse the transformation process of the indigenous oral literature in teaching materials within the scope of the bilingual intercultural education (BIE) in Perù. More specifically, the attention is focused on the experience of “Programa de Formación de Maestros Bilingües de la Amazonía Peruana” (FORMABIAP) that deals with the training of the bilingual teachers and the creation of curricula, methodologies and didactic materials, taking into consideration the cultural linguistic heritage of the students and the social reality in which they live. In the examined texts, which belong to the shawi and kukama cultures, it is evident that the persistence of a different measure in the orality as conscious stylistic choice is evident, and it aims at deconstructing schemes and structures that are typical of the western writing. The active participation of the indigenous students as writers, translators and in some cases as illustrators, removes the mediation of the western interpretative filter and facilitates the affirmation of “other” kinds of logic. The appropriation of the new Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) by the new autochthonous generations favours the expression of the performative character of the Amazonian culture and witnesses the reality of systems of thought different from the western one. The analysis of the current legislation and the different projects carried forward by the national policies, NGOs and religious missions, has allowed to outline a normative historical panorama in which the concept of interculturalism has assumed different meanings based on the political interests and its promoters. In recent times, despite being an instrument for cultural homologation and assimilation since the beginning, the school has undertaken an important role for the indigenous populations within the process of knowledge decolonization and the power relationships overrunning the national reality.