Le infrastrutture verdi nei paesaggi del vino: Linee guida alla pianificazione

In the last century, the increase of global population, the excessive urbanization, and the intensive agricultural practices have led to a relevant decline of the natural capital. A significant driver of this depletion is landscape fragmentation, whose solution has been envisaged by European policies through strategies including the adoption of the so-called green infrastructures, i.e. ensembles of green areas and nature-based solutions capable of delivering benefits to human beings. In this thesis, I investigate on the inclusion of green infrastructures in French spatial planning, by focusing on the use of specific planning tools as guidelines, specific documents designed to facilitate the implementation of green infrastructures at a large scale. Thus, I develop on a systematic framework for drafting guidelines, starting from the review of scientific contributions and grey acts and resolutions, and leading to a scheme able to steer the adoption of green infrastructure policy and planning in a range of contexts in professional practice. The focus of this research are i) wine landscapes, which are assumed as very important agroecosystems and historic and ii) cultural landscape conservation implying policies, for which green infrastructures are conceived as instruments able of unify in a leitmotif urban and rural ways of enjoying the related benefits, in terms of ecosystem services. I propose a framework for guidelines drafting and including: i) scientific and grey literature review, ii) context analysis, and iii) consistency check. The guidelines aim at improving the green infrastructures planning, governance, implementation, and monitoring. They embrace the perspectives of i) biological production 5 for a more sustainable viticulture, as demanded by local citizens, ii) conservation of metropolitan viticultural areas, and iii) obtaining healthy green infrastructures, i.e. able to deliver socially beneficial ecosystem services. I apply the methodologies to the design of a green infrastructure reconnecting three vineyards in the Metropolitan City of Bordeaux, South-West French. In fact, I had the opportunity to experience the context, during my six-month doctoral mobility stay at the Institut Aménagement Tourisme Urbanisme, in Pessac, Bordeaux. Those viticultural areas represent the remains of historical and identity wineries traditionally characterizing in the past the wider area of Bordeaux. The “chateaux” have resisted the urban expansion of the last century and still compose a well-known cultural heritage for the French and worldwide community. Guidelines include a final part, whose implementation regards the selection of the most performing path connecting the chateaux. The selection of this path is based on a multicriteria assessment of the social viability of three alternative sets of corridors between the chateaux, with respect to the capacity to supply regulatory and cultural ecosystem services versus the cost of the green infrastructure.