Gli itinerari della legalità nell'attività di regolazione delle Autorità Amministrative Indipendenti. Una ricerca comparata tra Italia e Francia.

The thesis addresses the question of the regulatory powers of Independent Authorities. Object of study and attention of doctrine and jurisprudence since time immemorial, Independent Administrations continue to arouse the interest of researchers. This, both because they represent a unicum within administrative systems based on the dependence of the Administration on the Executive and on the political responsibility of the latter, and because the powers assigned to them conferred, in addition to being characterized by a certain breadth, also risk putting the principle of separation of powers in crisis. Furthermore, interest in this subject is today renewed by the co-presence of two opposing forces which concern it. The first aims to strengthen the model, also very popular at European level (as recently demonstrated by the proposal for a European regulation on artificial intelligence). The second (represented by the new post-pandemic European and national policies and the partial overhaul of the functioning of the competitive market that they entail) seems aimed, in certain respects, at overcoming it. In a context of this type, it was therefore decided to pay attention to the configuration of the powers of the Independent Authorities, to their critical profiles, to the solutions that the legal systems have provided to try to overcome the latter and, finally, to the coherence reality of these landings in relation to the constitutional and administrative system of Italian and French regulations.