Brain Waves Combined with Evoked Potentials as Biometric Approach for User Identification: A Survey

The growing availability of low-cost devices able of performing an Electroencephalography (EEG) has opened stimulating scenarios in the security field, where such data could be exploited as a biometric approach for user identification. However, a series of problems, first of all, the difficulty of obtaining unique and stableEEGpatterns over time, hasmade this type of research a hard challenge that has forced researchers to design ever more efficient solutions. In this context, one of the approaches that has proved most effective is the one based on the application of external stimuli to the user during the EEG data collection, a stimulation method named Evoked Potentials (EPs), which is long used for other purposes in the clinical setting, in this context used to increase the EEG patterns stability. The combination of EEG and EP has generated an ever-increasing number of literatureworks but their heterogeneitymakes it difficult to take stock of the state-of-the-art, so this work aims to analyze the literature of the last six years, providing information useful for directing the research of those who work in this field.