Battery Modeling for Road Vehicles Application: A Comparative Study

This paper presents a comparative study of three different lithium-ion battery modeling approaches for electric vehicle applications. The Shepherd analytical model is compared with the zero-order and first-order equivalent circuit models to identify an approach that offers a tradeoff between accuracy and complexity. The study concludes that models that do not require experimental testing for parameterization can be used for the initial sizing of a battery pack, while models based on experimental identification are more accurate and can be used, together with the former, if the sizing process needs to take into account the dynamics of the system. Overall, the paper highlights the importance of considering both accuracy and complexity when selecting a lithium-ion battery modeling approach for electric vehicle applications.