IoT enabled innovative mobility-centric sensor networks for real-time environmental monitoring

The rapid growth of urbanization and escalating environmental challenges have highlighted the critical need for advanced-monitoring systems. The integration of sensor technologies into environmental-monitoring systems and mobility platforms is transforming urban sustainability efforts. This study presents an approach to environmental-monitoring, utilizing low-cost, high-precision sensor-networks integrated with mobility systems. Recent advancements in sensor miniaturization and wireless communication protocols, particularly Bluetooth-mesh networks, enable real-time acquisition, transmission, and analysis of critical parameters such as air-quality, temperature, humidity, atmospheric toxicity, and crowd dynamics. This study evaluates global initiatives employing innovative sensor-based mobility solutions for environmental data collection, including e-scooters and public transport. Case studies from various cities demonstrate the feasibility and cost-effectiveness of mobile and fixed sensor deployments in urban and peri-urban contexts. Proposed methodology incorporates an onboard sensor-module for e-scooters, featuring ultra-low-power sensors and communication systems, ensuring continuous data-acquisition and seamless integration into smart city infrastructures. Preliminary laboratory tests validate the efficacy of a prototype for temperature and humidity monitoring, highlighting its robustness and scalability. Results from this setup demonstrate the potential of mobility-driven environmental-monitoring systems to enhance urban sustainability, data-driven policymaking, and empower citizen engagement. Future work aims to expand sensor arrays and optimize data analytics for fostering the realization of resilient and adaptive urban ecosystems.