Mechanochemistry: Redefining the Paradigm of Organic Chemistry

According to International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC), mechanochemistry has been recognized as one of the most innovative transformative technologies in the context of green and sustainable organic synthesis. Mechanochemistry offers discrete reactivities compared to their solution-based counterparts by introducing highly concentrated anisotropic environments combined with energy transfer with discrete pulses rather than a continuous thermal flux, producing a methodology with unparalleled efficiency, selectivity and eco-friendliness. Given all the benefits, mechanochemistry has seen vast applications in organic synthesis for C‒C and C‒N bonds. In addition to all, mechanochemistry has been employed for mechano-redox reactions using piezoelectric materials, photomechanochemistry and synthesis of organometallics. This research investigates different aspects of organic chemistry through mechanochemical perspective by unveiling the reactivity of Bertagnini’s salts as aldehyde surrogates for the synthesis of N-heterocycles and reductive aminations under mechanochemical and microwave systems. Additionally, C‒C bond synthesis reactions using mechanochemically treated wool encompassed sustainability with practicality. Moreover, mechanochemical catalysis for borrowing hydrogenation reactions for C‒N bond synthesis and mechanochemical reaction mechanism studies such as kinetic isotope effect (KIE) and Hammett analysis, combinedly verified the importance of mechanochemistry for green organic synthesis.