Assessing Saltwater Intrusion in Sardinian Coastal Aquifers: A Multidisciplinary Approach Integrating Airborne Electromagnetic and Magnetic Data

Coastal aquifer salinization is a pressing environmental issue, stemming from various factors and posing significant threats to water resources and ecosystems. Addressing these challenges requires a comprehensive approach that combines geological, hydrogeological, geochemical, and isotopic studies to deepen our understanding of aquifer characteristics, recharge zones, and salinization processes. However, interpreting depth-specific stratigraphic data in complex coastal alluvial settings remains a significant challenge. Advanced hydrogeological modeling, when supported by extensive geophysical surveys in saltwater intrusion-affected coastal areas, can substantially enhance resource management under increasing human and climate pressures. These models help identifying potential vulnerabilities and develop targeted management strategies to mitigate the effects of salinization. The Flumendosa Plain in southeastern Sardinia, Italy, exemplifies a coastal aquifer impacted by saltwater intrusion since the 1950s. Recent airborne electromagnetic surveys in this region aim to reconstruct the complex hydrogeology of these coastal aquifers. By mapping subsurface electrical resistivity down to approximately 100 meters, these offers valuable insights into the aquifer's structure and properties, providing a solid foundation for developing (hydro)geological models and conducting scenario analyses. Effective management and prevention of coastal aquifer salinization rely on a comprehensive understanding of geological and hydrogeological dynamics. Integrating this knowledge into mitigation strategies enable more precise and tailored approach to protecting water resources. As anthropogenic and climate pressure intensify, prioritizing geological and hydrogeological research becomes crucial for sustainable water management in coastal regions.