Architettura difensiva della Seconda Guerra Mondiale in Sardegna: analisi tipologica, territoriale e rappresentazione grafica per la valorizzazione del paesaggio militare nel Golfo di Cagliari

The thesis investigates the defensive architectures built in Sardinia during the Second World War, with particular attention to the coastal system of the Gulf of Cagliari. Bunkers, casemates, batteries, observation posts and complementary military works are not considered as isolated objects, but as components of a wider territorial device, structured through relationships between morphology, infrastructure, fields of fire, access routes, strategic nodes and forms of landscape control. The research develops a cognitive, analytical and representational framework for this heritage through an extended survey, a georeferenced database, GIS, archival sources, fieldwork, integrated surveying, typological analysis and graphic restitution. Sardinia is assumed as the regional framework, while the Gulf of Cagliari is used as the main case study to test the method at a closer scale, relating individual structures to strongpoints, batteries and coastal defensive systems. The work is positioned within the broader field of studies on 20th-century military heritage and the so-called Mediterranean Wall, with comparative references to other European and Mediterranean coastal defence systems. Its aim is not to celebrate the bunker or to neutralise its military origin, but to make it legible as defensive architecture, material trace of conflict, contemporary ruin, and integral component of the cultural landscape and territorial memory. Through a documentation and representation protocol and the construction of an Atlas of the Gulf, the thesis proposes tools for organising, comparing and communicating a widespread heritage that is often marginal, mimetic or difficult to recognise. The bunker is thus brought back into a controlled condition of legibility: no longer a mute presence or isolated remnant, but an object that can be studied, understood and represented through a workflow that keeps the status of the data explicit, distinguishing surveyed evidence, documentary sources, interpretation and possible application scenarios.