The lack of studies for the dating of historical buildings in Sardinia, recently led the Chair of Restoration, University of Cagliari, to start a research on traditional masonry techniques for each sub-regional area, with reference to the period between the XIIth and the XIXth century. The aim is to define chronological classes, starting from philologically dated architectures useful for the knowledge and consequently for the conservation of historic building. In this sense, the medieval defensive structures are well suited to be chronological benchmarks. The present work, focused on the Siviller Castle in Villasor (Sardinia - Italy), is part of a specific research on fortified system of Cagliari and Arborea districts (XIIth-XVIth century). This building is a rare example of XVth fortified native architecture, marked by changes and transformations until the XXth century, which represents an interesting case for what concerns traditional masonries techniques. The analysis is based on medieval archaeology methods and follows an interdisciplinary approach, including archival research, metrology, survey and representation, stratigraphy and archaeometry. Other than as required by the usual protocol of investigation, in this case archaeometrical surveys were not possible, due to recent restoration, which completely remade mortar and plaster. Therefore, the study focused mainly on the analysis of masonry from typological and metrological point of view. Furthermore, it has been possible to carry out a comparison with other contemporary cases, considering formal, material and constructive aspects. Mensiochronology analysis of the masonry led us to define dimensional constants and chronological classes referred to different phases and to this specific context. The results are useful to built a regional knowledge framework on traditional masonry techniques, with the definition of chronological markers that could easily and speedily allow the recognition of ‘minor’ buildings, usually not easy to date and therefore to protect.
La scarsità di studi volti alla datazione delle fabbriche storiche, monumentali o minori, riferite al contesto sardo ha indotto recentemente la cattedra di Restauro dell’Università di Cagliari allo svolgimento di ricerche sulle tecniche costruttive murarie tradizionali dei vari areali sub-regionali, con riferimento al periodo compreso tra il XII e il XIX secolo. L’intento è quello di definire classi cronologiche, partendo da architetture filologicamente datate. In tal senso, le strutture difensive ben si prestano a costituire benchmark cronologici relativi a specifici areali geografici. Il presente contributo ha come oggetto il castello Siviller di Villasor e fa parte di un più ampio studio sui sistemi fortificati dei Giudicati di Cagliari e di Arborea (XII-XV sec.). La fabbrica in esame costituisce uno dei rari esempi, in Sardegna, di architettura fortificata quattrocentesca, e dunque un interessante e significativo caso per l’analisi delle tecniche costruttive, la cui datazione è già supportata da una vasta e attendibile letteratura. Lo studio si fonda su un approccio multidisciplinare mutuato dall’archeologia medievale, già ampiamente consolidato in altri contesti nazionali. Esso si avvale dei risultati ottenuti attraverso la ricerca archivistica, la metrologia, il rilievo e la rappresentazione, la stratigrafia degli elevati e la cronotipologia delle apparecchiature murarie. Diversamente da quanto previsto dal protocollo di indagine solitamente seguito nell’ambito della più ampia ricerca, nel caso specifico non è stato possibile effettuare indagini archeometriche, a causa di recenti interventi di restauro, che hanno riguardato altresì il rifacimento di malte e intonaci. Pertanto, lo studio si è incentrato prevalentemente sulle analisi delle apparecchiature murarie in termini tipologici e metrologici, effettuando anche confronti con altri casi coevi, seppur sporadici, presenti sul territorio, sia in termini formali che materiali e costruttivi. I risultati ottenuti costituiscono un tassello utile a costruire un quadro conoscitivo a livello regionale sulle tecniche costruttive murarie tradizionali, con la definizione di costanti cronotipologiche, attraverso cui guidare consapevolmente il progetto di restauro, in rapporto alle specificità costruttive e materiali del caso indagato, nonché favorire e facilitare il riconoscimento della cosiddetta ‘architettura minore’, altrimenti difficile da datare, e dunque da proteggere e tutelare.
Fortificazioni e cronologie. Lo studio delle apparecchiature murarie del Castello Siviller di Villasor per la definizione di crono-tipologie quattrocentesche
GIANNATTASIO, CATERINA;GRILLO, SILVANA MARIA;PINTUS, VALENTINA
2015-01-01
Abstract
The lack of studies for the dating of historical buildings in Sardinia, recently led the Chair of Restoration, University of Cagliari, to start a research on traditional masonry techniques for each sub-regional area, with reference to the period between the XIIth and the XIXth century. The aim is to define chronological classes, starting from philologically dated architectures useful for the knowledge and consequently for the conservation of historic building. In this sense, the medieval defensive structures are well suited to be chronological benchmarks. The present work, focused on the Siviller Castle in Villasor (Sardinia - Italy), is part of a specific research on fortified system of Cagliari and Arborea districts (XIIth-XVIth century). This building is a rare example of XVth fortified native architecture, marked by changes and transformations until the XXth century, which represents an interesting case for what concerns traditional masonries techniques. The analysis is based on medieval archaeology methods and follows an interdisciplinary approach, including archival research, metrology, survey and representation, stratigraphy and archaeometry. Other than as required by the usual protocol of investigation, in this case archaeometrical surveys were not possible, due to recent restoration, which completely remade mortar and plaster. Therefore, the study focused mainly on the analysis of masonry from typological and metrological point of view. Furthermore, it has been possible to carry out a comparison with other contemporary cases, considering formal, material and constructive aspects. Mensiochronology analysis of the masonry led us to define dimensional constants and chronological classes referred to different phases and to this specific context. The results are useful to built a regional knowledge framework on traditional masonry techniques, with the definition of chronological markers that could easily and speedily allow the recognition of ‘minor’ buildings, usually not easy to date and therefore to protect.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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