Policies for the protection and enhancement of historical settlements have gradually evolved from a predominantly conservative and restrictive approach, aimed at maintaining the physical structure of the urban pattern, to a flexible and argumentative one, thus favouring the renovation of the historic context. The Cultural Heritage and Landscape Code and the European Landscape Convention promote inter vention strategies designed to landscape quality objectives to be shared with local communities through participatory and consensual modalities. The Region of Sardinia has played a key role in the implementation of policies for the recovery and refurbishment of the "first and ancient centres", as identified by the Regional landscape plan (PPR). This task has been essentially entrusted to detailed plan, a traditional instrument provided for by national and regional legislation. In addition to the measures for the conservation of historic monuments and minor architecture, urban regulations include plans for altered urban patterns, consisting of a series of settlement rules, expressed through abacus of construction typology too, to be applied to renovation or replacement interventions of recent buildings fabrics that - due to density, relationships between solids and voids, heights, alignments and views - are incompatible with the values of the context. Generally, these measures are not appreciated by the owners of buildings legitimately constructed within the historic fabric in accordance with the planning tools then in force and subsequently regarded as inconsistent by the detailed plan. These plan actions would sometimes turn into substantial economic loss for the owner, due to the priority of the landscape quality, and are not designed to be implemented without a real economic advantage for the private landowner. In this essay, we suggest an assessment of the factors determining the feasibility of demolition and reconstruction of incompatible buildings by discussing an approximate estimate of any increase in the building cubage necessary to ensure cost-effectiveness. The final proposal assumes the creation of a model that takes into account volumetric incentives arising from the recent regulatory changes, in terms of transfer of development rights, to pursue the renovation of historical settlements in Sardinia.
Le politiche di tutela e valorizzazione degli insediamenti storici si sono gradualmente evolute da un approccio prevalentemente conservativo e vincolistico, teso a mantenere inalterata la struttura fisica del tessuto edilizio, ad un approccio flessibile ed argomentativo volto alla riqualificazione del contesto storico paesaggistico. Il Codice Urbani e la Convenzione Europea del Paesaggio promuovono strategie di intervento improntate ad obiettivi di qualità paesaggistica da condividere con le comunità locali attraverso modalità di pianificazione partecipata e consensuale. La Regione Sardegna ha assunto un ruolo chiave nell’implementazione di politiche per il recupero e la riqualificazione dei centri di antica e prima formazione, individuati dal Piano Paesaggistico Regionale (PPR). Tale compito viene affidato essenzialmente al piano particolareggiato, strumento di tipo tradizionale contemplato dalle normative nazionali e regionali. Oltre alle misure di conservazione degli episodi monumentali e dell’edilizia minore con carattere storico tradizionale, la strumentazione urbanistica prevede norme per la riqualificazione dei tessuti alterati che contemplano un complesso di regole insediative, espresse anche mediante abachi, da applicare agli interventi di ristrutturazione o di sostituzione delle unità edilizie e dei tessuti recenti che per densità, rapporti tra pieni e vuoti, altezze, allineamenti e affacci risultino incompatibili con i valori delle preesistenze e del contesto. Tali misure trovano solitamente scarso consenso da parte dei proprietari di immobili legittimamente edificati all’interno del tessuto storico in conformità agli strumenti urbanistici vigenti e successivamente dichiarati dal piano particolareggiato incompatibili. Si tratta di azioni di piano che comporterebbero talvolta una sostanziale perdita economica per il proprietario, in nome del prioritario obiettivo di qualità paesaggistica, e sono destinate a non essere attuate in assenza di una reale convenienza economica per il privato. Nel presente lavoro si propone una valutazione di massima dei fattori determinanti la fattibilità dell’intervento di demolizione e ricostruzione delle volumetrie incompatibili e si discute una stima approssimata degli eventuali incrementi della capacità edificatoria necessari per garantirne la convenienza economica. La proposta finale presentata ipotizza la costruzione di un modello che tiene in conto le premialità volumetriche. Esse sfruttano le recenti novità normative in tema di trasferimento dei diritti edificatori per perseguire obiettivi di riqualificazione paesaggistica dei tessuti insediativi storici della Sardegna.
La pianificazione dei centri storici in Sardegna: la sostituzione del tessuto edilizio incongruo per la riqualificazione del paesaggio urbano storico = Historical center planning in Sardinia: the replacement of the inconsistent building fabric for the renovation of the historic landscape
Anna Maria Colavitti
Writing – Original Draft Preparation
;Sergio Serra
Writing – Original Draft Preparation
2017-01-01
Abstract
Policies for the protection and enhancement of historical settlements have gradually evolved from a predominantly conservative and restrictive approach, aimed at maintaining the physical structure of the urban pattern, to a flexible and argumentative one, thus favouring the renovation of the historic context. The Cultural Heritage and Landscape Code and the European Landscape Convention promote inter vention strategies designed to landscape quality objectives to be shared with local communities through participatory and consensual modalities. The Region of Sardinia has played a key role in the implementation of policies for the recovery and refurbishment of the "first and ancient centres", as identified by the Regional landscape plan (PPR). This task has been essentially entrusted to detailed plan, a traditional instrument provided for by national and regional legislation. In addition to the measures for the conservation of historic monuments and minor architecture, urban regulations include plans for altered urban patterns, consisting of a series of settlement rules, expressed through abacus of construction typology too, to be applied to renovation or replacement interventions of recent buildings fabrics that - due to density, relationships between solids and voids, heights, alignments and views - are incompatible with the values of the context. Generally, these measures are not appreciated by the owners of buildings legitimately constructed within the historic fabric in accordance with the planning tools then in force and subsequently regarded as inconsistent by the detailed plan. These plan actions would sometimes turn into substantial economic loss for the owner, due to the priority of the landscape quality, and are not designed to be implemented without a real economic advantage for the private landowner. In this essay, we suggest an assessment of the factors determining the feasibility of demolition and reconstruction of incompatible buildings by discussing an approximate estimate of any increase in the building cubage necessary to ensure cost-effectiveness. The final proposal assumes the creation of a model that takes into account volumetric incentives arising from the recent regulatory changes, in terms of transfer of development rights, to pursue the renovation of historical settlements in Sardinia.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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