The Carboniferous tetrapod ichnoassociation from Italy

The tetrapod footprints from the Carboniferous (Pennsylvanian) of Italy come from the upper Moscovian San Giorgio Formation of Sardinia and the lower Gzhelian Corona Formation of the Carnian Alps. They include exclusively anamniote tracks: the ichnogenera Batrachichnus and Limnopus and tetrapod tracks indet. similar to Matthewichnus. The occurrence of anamniote tracks may have a marked palaeoecological significance, since these tetrapods were tied to water for reproduction. These tracks represent the oldest record of tetrapods from Italy (either from trace fossils or skeletons) and the oldest Italian record of these ichnogenera. Despite the fragmentary material and the few known localities, the Pennsylvanian of Italy has a noteworthy potential for further prospecting, because of the relatively good preservation and the stratigraphy of the track-bearing formations. The Italian ichnoassociation could be the key for the understanding of the Notalacerta and Dromopus footprint biochrons in the Carboniferous of W Europe, which is less extensively known than the North American record.