Endoscopic vs ultrasonographic findings related to Crohn's Disease recurrence: A prospective longitudinal study at 3 years

Background and aims: Ileocolonoscopy (IC) is the gold standard for assessing Crohn's Disease (CD) recurrence after ileo-colonic resection. In a prospective longitudinal study we compared findings related to CD recurrence when using techniques visualizing either the luminal or the extraluminal surface (IC and small bowel follow through, SBFT vs Small Intestine Contrast Ultrasonography, SICUS). Methods: From 2003 to 2008, 25 CD patients undergoing ileo-colonic resection were enrolled. Clinical assessment (CDAI) was performed at 1, 2 and 3. years. IC was performed at 1 (n=25) and 3. years (n=15), SBFT at 2. years (n=21) and SICUS at 1 (n=25), 2 (n=21) and 3. years (n=15). Recurrence was assessed by SBFT and SICUS (bowel wall thickness, BWT) when using IC as gold standard. Results: At 1. year, all patients were inactive and recurrence was detected by IC in 24/25 (96%) and by SICUS in 25/25 patients. At 2. years, 6/21 patients (29%) were active and recurrence was detected by SBFT in 12/21 (57%) and by SICUS in 21/21 patients. At 3. years, 5/15 patients (33%) were active, IC showed recurrence in 14/15 (93%), and SICUS in 15/15 patients. The endoscopic score at 1. year was higher in patients developing relapse at 2. years (n=5) than in patients maintaining remission (n=10) (median: 4, range 3-4 vs 2, range 0-3; p=0.003). The same finding was not observed by using SICUS (median BWT at 1. year: 5, range 4-7 vs 3.7, range 3.5-6; p=0.19). Conclusions: Although IC and SICUS provide a different view of the bowel wall, in experienced hands SICUS provides findings compatible with endoscopic recurrence after ileo-colonic resection for CD. Discrepant findings may be observed in a low proportion of patients with minor lesions related to CD recurrence.