A questão judaica: a transição do jovem Marx da crítica filosófica à crítica da economia política

The writing on the Jewish question is of fundamental importance to understand the intellectual formation of the young Marx in the course that led him from philosophical criticism to the critique of political economy. In this work he raises the need to overcome the theological formulation of the Jewish question to reach the heart of the contradiction that determines the alienation of man in modern society. The Jew's emancipation capacity lies in the relation of Judaism to the emancipation of the world today, not to the mere emancipation of the state of religion. In On the Jewish Question, written in the autumn of 1843 and published in the Franco-German Annals of February 1844, Marx argues with Bauer that the complete emancipation of man cannot be limited to political emancipation alone, but also social and productive one. The same is true in the Introduction to the Critique of Hegel’s Philosophy of Right, also written for the Franco-German Annals at the end of 1843 and published in February 1844, where we find the definitive abandonment of simple religious-political critique in the direction to Marxian social criticism. In On the Jewish Question and Introduction, Marx completely emancipates himself from Bauer's influence, so in the passage from 1843 to 1844, these three stages represent essential moments in the formation of the philosophical vision of the young Marx.