A QUESTÃO SOCIAL E A LIBERDADE INDIVIDUAL. SOCIEDADE CIVIL E EMANCIPAÇÃO INTEGRAL NOS ESTUDOS DO JOVEM KARL MARX

The growing international interest in Karl Marx’s work over the last decade, which developed not by chance in coincidence with the world’s most serious economic crisis since 1929, is encouraging a flourishing of studies around his work that is less tied to the demands of the immediate political struggle and more attentive to the scientific understanding of his most representative categories and conceptions. It is precisely this “Nouvelle Vague” of Marxian studies, which has led to unprecedented publications and discoveries, that has posed the need for new methodological approaches. Among these, the need to consider more carefully the different stages of the intellectual formation of the path that marks the transition from philosophical criticism to the criticism of political economy by the founder and major theoretician of historical materialism. Within this path, the first writings of the young Marx between 1843 and 1844 represent a fundamental passage which, especially in The Judaic Question, marked his discovery of the social question, directing his studies and the perspectives of his thought towards the need for the integral emancipation of man.