“What is the Mediterranean?”. To this question, Braudel answered: “A thousand things. Not a landscape, but endless landscapes. Not a sea, but a continuous sequence of seas. Not a civilisation, but a series of stacked civilisations”. Sardinia is an island in the centre of the Mare Nostrum, where settlement cultures have shaped a long-term landscape which is rich in complexities and variations despite its limited size compared to the size of the basin, and is the expression of this plural multiplicity. In this island framework, the rural house became the expression of diversity and local identity, the outcome of a continuous and long-lasting variation process of the two reference archetypes during the recent pre-modernity: the courtyard house and the house consisting of elementary cells. These two archetypes correspond to the most primitive actions of land domestication: enclosing space to control it and to possess it, managing the land slopes with wall substructures, terracing and adding new spaces through superimposition and juxtaposition. Archaic elements such as the enclosure and the wall and the use of local materials, mostly stone and earth, contribute to the characterisation of a recurrent material dimension of the Sardinian building culture. This culture finds its original grounds in the “massivity” of the wall and it is still capable, if recovered appropriately, of responding to the needs of contemporary living, especially in light of the new challenges set by the pandemic crisis.
«Che cos’è il Mediterraneo?». A questo interrogativo Braudel rispondeva: «Mille cose insieme. Non un paesaggio, ma innumerevoli paesaggi. Non un mare, ma un susseguirsi di mari. Non una civiltà, ma una serie di civiltà accatastate le une sulle altre» . La Sardegna, isola al centro del Mare Nostrum, in cui le culture dell’insediamento hanno modellato un paesaggio di lunga durata, ricco di complessità e variazioni, nonostante la sua dimensione contenuta se confrontata con la scala del bacino, è - in piccolo - espressione di questa molteplicità plurale. La casa popolare di matrice rurale nell’isola diventa in questo quadro espressione della diversità e delle identità locali, esito di un continuo e duraturo processo di variazione dei due archetipi di riferimento sul territorio durante tutta la recente pre-modernità, la casa a corte e la casa a cellule elementari, corrispondenti alle azioni più primitive di domesticazione del territorio: recintare lo spazio per appropriarsene e controllarlo, gestire il suolo in pendenza con i principi della sostruzione muraria, del terrazzamento e della pratica additiva per sovrapposizione e giustapposizione. Elementi arcaici come il recinto e il muro e il ricorso ai materiali presenti in loco, la pietra e la terra soprattutto, contribuiscono a connotare la dimensione materiale ricorrente di una cultura costruttiva che nella massività muraria trova le sue radici costitutive e che ancora, se ben recuperata, appare capace di rispondere alle esigenze dell’abitare contemporanee, specie se rilette alla luce delle nuove istanze imposte dalla crisi pandemica.
Arquitectura popular en Cerdena y culturas del habitar: la casa
Carlo Atzeni
Primo
2021-01-01
Abstract
“What is the Mediterranean?”. To this question, Braudel answered: “A thousand things. Not a landscape, but endless landscapes. Not a sea, but a continuous sequence of seas. Not a civilisation, but a series of stacked civilisations”. Sardinia is an island in the centre of the Mare Nostrum, where settlement cultures have shaped a long-term landscape which is rich in complexities and variations despite its limited size compared to the size of the basin, and is the expression of this plural multiplicity. In this island framework, the rural house became the expression of diversity and local identity, the outcome of a continuous and long-lasting variation process of the two reference archetypes during the recent pre-modernity: the courtyard house and the house consisting of elementary cells. These two archetypes correspond to the most primitive actions of land domestication: enclosing space to control it and to possess it, managing the land slopes with wall substructures, terracing and adding new spaces through superimposition and juxtaposition. Archaic elements such as the enclosure and the wall and the use of local materials, mostly stone and earth, contribute to the characterisation of a recurrent material dimension of the Sardinian building culture. This culture finds its original grounds in the “massivity” of the wall and it is still capable, if recovered appropriately, of responding to the needs of contemporary living, especially in light of the new challenges set by the pandemic crisis.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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