The study proposes early considerations on the horse trade between the Kingdom of Sardinia and the territories of the Crown of Aragon in the second half of the 15th century. The analysis is based on 51 export licenses and allows us to reconstruct the dynamics of a traffic regulated by the public authority, highlighting the officers involved in controlling and issuing of the related authorizations. The profiles of the subjects involved are those of professional merchants, in addition to members of urban high society, with roles in the administration of the city or kingdom, and those who transport horses on an occasional basis. Finally, there are some exponents of the feudal world, often in business with overseas merchants, who can claim franchises, tax exemptions and advantageous links with the officials of the kingdom. Among the places of destination are the great Iberian markets (Barcelona, Mallorca and Valencia) and some Italian cities (Naples, Piombino and Rome), where horses could be bought by high-ranking men (such as the major sacristan Alonso Cortés) and also be used for military reasons or for state service. This shows a risky trade but with large profit margins, carried out by specialized subjects who use vessels with particular technical characteristics. The continuation of the research will make it possible to clarify the knowledge on the tax treatment reserved for horses and raises new questions on the breeding practices, which had to respond to the continuous and regular demand for animals from the Iberian and Italian world.
Lo studio propone prime considerazioni sul commercio dei cavalli tra il Regno di Sardegna e i territori della Corona d’Aragona nella seconda metà del XV secolo. L’analisi si basa su 51 licenze di esportazione e consente di ricostruire le dinamiche di un traffico regolato dall’autorità pubblica, evidenziando gli ufficiali impegnati nel controllo e nel rilascio delle relative autorizzazioni. I profili dei soggetti coinvolti sono quelli dei mercanti di professione, cui si aggiungono i membri dell’alta società urbana, con ruoli nell’amministrazione della città o del regno, e coloro che trasportano equini in maniera occasionale. Infine, non mancano gli esponenti del mondo feudale, spesso in affari con i mercanti d’oltremare, i quali possono far valere franchigie, esenzioni fiscali e vantaggiosi legami con i funzionari del regno. Tra i luoghi di destinazione si segnalano le grandi piazze commerciali iberiche (Barcellona, Maiorca e Valenza) e alcune città italiane (Napoli, Piombino e Roma), dove i cavalli potevano essere acquistati da uomini di alto rango (si pensi al sacrestano maggiore Alonso Cortés) ed essere utilizzati anche per ragioni militari o per servizio di stato. Emerge un commercio rischioso ma con grandi margini di guadagno, portato avanti da soggetti specializzati che si avvalgono di navigli con particolari caratteristiche tecniche. Il proseguimento della ricerca consentirà di precisare le conoscenze sul trattamento fiscale riservato ai cavalli e pone già nuove domande sulle pratiche di allevamento, che dovevano rispondere alla continua e regolare richiesta di animali proveniente dal mondo iberico e da quello italiano.
Il commercio dei cavalli tra Sardegna e Corona d’Aragona alla fine del XV secolo. Prime considerazioni
Seche, Giuseppe
2022-01-01
Abstract
The study proposes early considerations on the horse trade between the Kingdom of Sardinia and the territories of the Crown of Aragon in the second half of the 15th century. The analysis is based on 51 export licenses and allows us to reconstruct the dynamics of a traffic regulated by the public authority, highlighting the officers involved in controlling and issuing of the related authorizations. The profiles of the subjects involved are those of professional merchants, in addition to members of urban high society, with roles in the administration of the city or kingdom, and those who transport horses on an occasional basis. Finally, there are some exponents of the feudal world, often in business with overseas merchants, who can claim franchises, tax exemptions and advantageous links with the officials of the kingdom. Among the places of destination are the great Iberian markets (Barcelona, Mallorca and Valencia) and some Italian cities (Naples, Piombino and Rome), where horses could be bought by high-ranking men (such as the major sacristan Alonso Cortés) and also be used for military reasons or for state service. This shows a risky trade but with large profit margins, carried out by specialized subjects who use vessels with particular technical characteristics. The continuation of the research will make it possible to clarify the knowledge on the tax treatment reserved for horses and raises new questions on the breeding practices, which had to respond to the continuous and regular demand for animals from the Iberian and Italian world.File | Dimensione | Formato | |
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Il commercio dei cavalli tra Sardegna e Corona d’Aragona alla fine del XV secolo. Prime considerazioni.pdf
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