How structural engineering can help archaeology?

In the present paper the ‘Three R’ strategy for archaeological consolidation is described, referring to some well-known historical examples and then to some significant cases on UNESCO sites. The problem of conserving the constructive information in the ancient structures along centuries is here summarised, together with examples of recurrent structural problems that affect those constructions. Three case studies of sites are explained: two located in Arabic Peninsula (Dhofar district, Sumhuram – Al Balid), and one in Jordan (Petra district – Shawbak). The replacement of collapsing walls (with or without mortar joints) is illustrated, following the strategy to assess a respectful, recognisable and reversible consolidation technique. Moreover, aspects of management of works and of modelling from structural point of view are discussed.