Uncommon Blepharitis

first_pageDownload PDFsettingsOrder Article Reprints Open AccessCommunication Uncommon Blepharitis by Antonio Di Zazzo 1,*ORCID,Giuseppe Giannaccare 2,*ORCID,Edoardo Villani 3,*ORCID andStefano Barabino 4,* 1 Ophthalmology Operative Complex Unit, University Campus Bio-Medico, 00128 Rome, Italy 2 Eye Clinic, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy 3 Eye Clinic, San Giuseppe Hospital, IRCCS Multimedica, University of Milan, 20123 Milan, Italy 4 Ocular Surface & Dry Eye Center, Department of Ophthalmology, ASST Fatebenefratelli SACCO, Università di Milano, 20157 Milan, Italy * Authors to whom correspondence should be addressed. J. Clin. Med. 2024, 13(3), 710; https://doi.org/10.3390/jcm13030710 Submission received: 18 December 2023 / Revised: 12 January 2024 / Accepted: 19 January 2024 / Published: 25 January 2024 (This article belongs to the Section Ophthalmology) Downloadkeyboard_arrow_down Browse Figure Versions Notes Abstract Blepharitis is a common chronic inflammatory condition affecting the eyelid margins; the pathophysiology of blepharitis is complex and not fully understood. The disease is anatomically divided into anterior (inflammation of eyelashes) and posterior (meibomian gland dysfunction) types. Diagnosis relies on clinical examination, revealing characteristic features like scurf, vascular changes, and meibomian gland dysfunction. The main goals of blepharitis treatment are symptom relief, recurrence prevention, and complication risk minimization. Treatment options include lid hygiene, topical and systemic antibiotics, topical corticosteroids, and omega-3 supplements. However, it is important to highlight reported cases of blepharitis as side effects of systemic therapies, particularly in the context of chemotherapy, bortezomib, cetuximab, TNFα inhibitors, and dupilumab. It is crucial to monitor patients undergoing such treatments regularly and attentively in order to promptly set up adequate supportive therapy. Of even more importance is future research on the pathophysiological mechanisms responsible for the occurrence of these ocular side effects in order to find a nosological cure for the issue.