Quantification of foot drop stimulator effects on post-stroke hemiplegic gait: a cyclogram-based evaluation of inter-limb gait symmetry

Post-stroke hemiplegia often leads to gait asymmetry, mobility reduction, and increased fall risk. Foot Drop Stimulation (FDS) is used in rehabilitation to improve dorsiflexion and gait patterns. Through cyclogram-based analysis, this retrospective study evaluated the effectiveness of FDS in enhancing inter-limb gait symmetry in 21 post-stroke hemiplegic individuals following 10 sessions of treadmill training combined with FDS. Participants underwent 3D gait analysis pre- and post-intervention, performed by means of optical motion capture system, from which spatiotemporal and cyclogram features of the hip, knee, and ankle were computed. FDS was found to significantly improve dynamic range of motion (ROM) of the affected side at hip (+5%) and knee (+9%) joints. Cyclogram analysis showed that FDS reduced inter-limb hip asymmetry (orientation: 13.35° to 10.65°, Trend Symmetry Index: 19.09° to 15.46°), though no improvements were observed at the ankle. FDS with treadmill training improved hip and knee symmetry, supporting cyclogram-based assessments for gait rehabilitation and highlighting the need for targeted ankle interventions. Further research is needed to explore long-term effects and optimize rehabilitation strategies.