Health and TMJ Function in Adult Patients Treated for Dentoskeletal Open Bite with Orthognathic Surgery—A Retrospective Cohort Study

This study aims to assess the presence and progression of TMD in adult patients undergoing orthognathic surgery to correct dentoskeletal open bite and evaluate whether these changes can be attributed to the intervention. A retrospective cohort study was conducted on 44 adult patients (14 males and 30 females) aged 18 to 43 years. Articular assessments were performed to evaluate temporomandibular joint (TMJ) health and functionality before (T0) and after (T1) combined orthodontic-surgical treatment. TMJ health was assessed by maximum mouth opening, joint noises, parafunctions (bruxism or clenching), joint locking, TMJ pain, masticatory muscle pain, and headaches. Statistical analyses used McNemar’s Exact Test and paired T-tests. The study shows a significant reduction (p < 0.05) in symptoms, except for locking, with the most substantial decrease in headaches (p = 0.0001). Overall, articular symptoms markedly decreased post-surgery, with sustained joint functionality. Restoring physiological occlusion in patients with anterior open bite is crucial for maintaining the stomatognathic system’s balance. Orthognathic surgery, when indicated, appears beneficial in alleviating articular symptoms while preserving TMJ function.