The authors first defined the species belonging to the genus Tamarix found in Sardinia. The results demostrated the existence of at least twelve entities, eleven of which are considered to be specific and one of varietal rank (Tamarix africana Poir. var. africana, T. africana Poir. var. fluminensis (Maire) Baum, T. arborea (Sieb, ex Ehrenb.) Bge., T. passerinoides Del. ex Desv., T. tetragyna Ehrenb., T. tetrandra Pall, ex M.B., T. hampeana Boiss. & Heldr., T. canariensis Willd., T. dalmatica Baum, T. gallica L., T. nilotica (Ehrenb.) Bge. and T. parvifllora DC.). This represent an increase of eight entities for Sardinia and six entities for Italy as a whole. Three new species are therefore added to European flora (T. arborea, T. nilotica e T. tetragyna). Only one of these species (T. parviflora) can be considered cultivated and become naturalized. The article includes original iconographe as well as an analytical key which help to easily identify the species.