Electrochemical treatment of water containing chlorides under non-ideal flow conditions with BDD anodes

In this work a undivided parallel plate cell equipped with boron doped diamond (BDD) anode was tested as electrochemical reactor for disinfection of water. Two configurations were adopted: a single pass configuration (SPC) and a recirculated configuration (RC) in which also a reservoir was inserted in the hydraulic circuit. In both the experimental configurations the system worked in continuous mode with a flow rate ranging from 0.05 to 0.42 dm(3) min(-1); in the RC the recirculating flow rate ranged from 0.45 to 6 dm(3) min(-1). Thermostated (25 A degrees C) galvanostatic electrolyses were carried out with aqueous solutions containing 100 mg dm(-3) of chloride ions: values of current density from 2.5 to 5.0 mA cm(-2) were used. Steady state data revealed that active chlorine and chlorate ions were the main oxidation products. Particular attention was paid to the hydrodynamics both for SPC and RC: pulse-response curves were experimentally obtained with an inert tracer, and the behaviour of the system was interpreted by models based on a combination of ideal flow reactors, bypass flow elements, and dead zones. The hydrodynamic models were utilized to predict the outlet concentration of the electrolysis products. A good agreement between model predicted and experimental data was obtained for a wide range of experimental conditions. Preliminary disinfection tests were then performed using Escherichia coli as model microorganism. Results were discussed in terms of both disinfection efficiency and by-products formation.