Superficial Endometriosis at Ultrasound Examination—A Diagnostic Criteria Proposal

The actual prevalence of superficial endometriosis is not known. However, it is considered the most common subtype of endometriosis. The diagnosis of superficial endometriosis remains difficult. In fact, little is known about the ultrasound features of superficial endometriotic lesions. In this study, we aimed to describe the appearance of superficial endometriosis lesions at ultrasound examination, with laparoscopic and/or histologic correlation. This is a prospective study on a series of 52 women with clinical suspicion of pelvic endometriosis who underwent preoperative transvaginal ultrasound and received a confirmed diagnosis of superficial endometriosis via laparoscopy. Women with ultrasound or laparoscopic findings of deep endometriosis were not included. We observed that superficial endometriotic lesions may appear as a solitary lesions, multiple separate lesions, and cluster lesions. The lesions may exhibit the presence of hypoechogenic associated tissue, hyperechoic foci, and/or velamentous (filmy) adhesions. The lesion may be convex, protruding from the peritoneal surface, or it may appear as a concave defect in the peritoneum. Most lesions exhibited several features. We conclude that transvaginal ultrasound may be useful for diagnosing superficial endometriosis, as these lesions may exhibit different ultrasound features.