DNA alteration induced by ultraviolet light in human metaphase chromosomes substituted with 5′-bromodeoxy uridine: monitoring by monoclonal antibodies to double-stranded and single stranded DNA

Fixed human metaphase chromosomes, whose DNA had been substituted with 5'-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdUrd) for two rounds of replication (TB/BB) or for one round in BrdUrd followed by another round in thymidine (TT/BT), were treated with ultraviolet light (UV), in the presence or in the absence of 33258 Hoechst, to produce sister chromatid differentiation (SCD). Giemsa staining was compared with staining with monoclonal antibodies to double-stranded or single-stranded DNA. We confirmed that UV acts by debrominating BrdUrd-stubstituted DNA but showed that debromination alone cannot explain all our findings. We postulated that UV-induced protein-protein cross-linking, occurring to a different extent in differently BrdUrd-substituted chromatids, may also be invoked in explaining our data. Lastly, the different behaviour of unifilarly substituted TB as opposed to BT chromatids in UV-treated chromosomes, allowed us to hypothesize that such chromatids may differ depending on whether or not newly synthesized DNA is formed on a BrdUrd-containing strand